VGSkole: Retoriske virkemidler

Noen eksamensoppgaver fra 2009 til 2011

Vedlegg: ”Ingenting er umulig for den som kan svare for seg”, reklametekst, 2008
Analyser den sammensatte reklameteksten ”Ingenting er umulig for den som kan svare for seg” fra Network Norway, og vurder bruken av virkemidlene i teksten.
(eksamen V-09)

Vedlegg: ”Surne over spilt mjølk” av Finn Tokvam (Bergens Tidende 21.03.2009)
Analyser teksten ved hjelp av begreper fra retorikken. Hva mener du om det temaet Tokvam tar opp?
(eksamen H-09)

Vedlegg: Utdrag fra artikkelen 'Kvinnestudentar' av Arne Garborg (1882) og romanen Forrådt av Amalie Skram (1892)
Begge disse tekstene tar opp kvinnenes situasjon i samtiden.
Sammenlikn innholdet, bruken av virkemidler og den funksjonen virkemidlene har i de to tekstene.
Vurder om tekstene er aktuelle i dag. (eksamen V-11)

Vedlegg: 'Generasjon Kane' av Ingebrigt Steen Jensen (2009)
Analyser den sammensatte teksten. Bruk begreper fra retorikken.
(eksamen V-10)

Vedlegg: “Hvem er jeg?” Annonse for Ungdomstelefonen.no, Filmmagasinet 1/2011
Analyser den sammensatte teksten. Bruk begreper fra retorikken.
(eksamen V-11)

Vedlegg: Reklame for suppe fra Toro, hentet fra UNICEF-magasinet nr 3/2011.
UNICEF er FNs hjelpeorganisasjon for barn.
Hvordan blir etos, logos og patos brukt i denne sammensatte teksten?
(eksamen H-11)

Vedlegg: “Englene er med oss – børsen går til himmels” av Trygve Hegnar
I denne teksten gjør redaktør Trygve Hegnar i Finansavisen narr av både kongehuset og troen på engler.
Analyser teksten. Bruk begreper fra retorikken.
(eksamen H-11 - sidemål)

Vedlegg: Dag Øistein Endsjø: ”Nasjonalromantikk”, Dagbladet 16. august 2010
Analyser den sammensatte teksten. Bruk begreper fra retorikken.
Du skal skrive både om tekst og om bilde, og om samspillet mellom dem.
(eksamen V-11 - sidemål)

Konklusjonen er klar: Les denne teksten om retorikk og retoriske virkemidler grundig!

Ironi

Satire

"Jeg vil sannelig si han har en nydelig hage!"
(hagen er usedvanlig lite velstelt)

"Og dette ugjennomtrengelige krattet fylt med ugress og stein kaller han en hage, der han ligger og drar seg i hengekøya si!"

It's the answer that led those who've been told for so long by so many to be cynical and fearful and doubtful about what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day.

It's been a long time coming, but tonight, because of what we did on this date in this election at this defining moment change has come to America.

A little bit earlier this evening, I received an extraordinarily gracious call from Sen. McCain.

Sen. McCain fought long and hard in this campaign. And he's fought even longer and harder for the country that he loves. He has endured sacrifices for America that most of us cannot begin to imagine. We are better off for the service rendered by this brave and selfless leader.

I congratulate him; I congratulate Gov. Palin for all that they've achieved. And I look forward to working with them to renew this nation's promise in the months ahead.

I want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigned from his heart, and spoke for the men and women he grew up with on the streets of Scranton and rode with on the train home to Delaware, the vice president-elect of the United States, Joe Biden.

And I would not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last 16 years the rock of our family, the love of my life, the nation's next first lady Michelle Obama.

Sasha and Malia I love you both more than you can imagine. And you have earned the new puppy that's coming with us to the new White House.

And while she's no longer with us, I know my grandmother's watching, along with the family that made me who I am. I miss them tonight. I know that my debt to them is beyond measure.

To my sister Maya, my sister Alma, all my other brothers and sisters, thank you so much for all the support that you've given me. I am grateful to them.

And to my campaign manager, David Plouffe, the unsung hero of this campaign, who built the best -- the best political campaign, I think, in the history of the United States of America.

To my chief strategist David Axelrod who's been a partner with me every step of the way.

To the best campaign team ever assembled in the history of politics you made this happen, and I am forever grateful for what you've sacrificed to get it done.

But above all, I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to. It belongs to you. It belongs to you.

I was never the likeliest candidate for this office. We didn't start with much money or many endorsements. Our campaign was not hatched in the halls of Washington. It began in the backyards of Des Moines and the living rooms of Concord and the front porches of Charleston. It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give $5 and $10 and $20 to the cause.

It grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generation's apathy who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep.

It drew strength from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat to knock on doors of perfect strangers, and from the millions of Americans who volunteered and organized and proved that more than two centuries later a government of the people, by the people, and for the people has not perished from the Earth.

This is your victory.

And I know you didn't do this just to win an election. And I know you didn't do it for me.

You did it because you understand the enormity of the task that lies ahead. For even as we celebrate tonight, we know the challenges that tomorrow will bring are the greatest of our lifetime -- two wars, a planet in peril, the worst financial crisis in a century.

Even as we stand here tonight, we know there are brave Americans waking up in the deserts of Iraq and the mountains of Afghanistan to risk their lives for us.

There are mothers and fathers who will lie awake after the children fall asleep and wonder how they'll make the mortgage or pay their doctors' bills or save enough for their child's college education.

There's new energy to harness, new jobs to be created, new schools to build, and threats to meet, alliances to repair.

The road ahead will be long. Our climb will be steep. We may not get there in one year or even in one term. But, America, I have never been more hopeful than I am tonight that we will get there.

I promise you, we as a people will get there.

There will be setbacks and false starts. There are many who won't agree with every decision or policy I make as president. And we know the government can't solve every problem.

But I will always be honest with you about the challenges we face. I will listen to you, especially when we disagree. And, above all, I will ask you to join in the work of remaking this nation, the only way it's been done in America for 221 years -- block by block, brick by brick, calloused hand by calloused hand.

What began 21 months ago in the depths of winter cannot end on this autumn night.

This victory alone is not the change we seek. It is only the chance for us to make that change. And that cannot happen if we go back to the way things were.

It can't happen without you, without a new spirit of service, a new spirit of sacrifice.

So let us summon a new spirit of patriotism, of responsibility, where each of us resolves to pitch in and work harder and look after not only ourselves but each other.

Let us remember that, if this financial crisis taught us anything, it's that we cannot have a thriving Wall Street while Main Street suffers.

In this country, we rise or fall as one nation, as one people. Let's resist the temptation to fall back on the same partisanship and pettiness and immaturity that has poisoned our politics for so long.

Let's remember that it was a man from this state who first carried the banner of the Republican Party to the White House, a party founded on the values of self-reliance and individual liberty and national unity.

Those are values that we all share. And while the Democratic Party has won a great victory tonight, we do so with a measure of humility and determination to heal the divides that have held back our progress.

As Lincoln said to a nation far more divided than ours, we are not enemies but friends. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection.

And to those Americans whose support I have yet to earn, I may not have won your vote tonight, but I hear your voices. I need your help. And I will be your president, too.

And to all those watching tonight from beyond our shores, from parliaments and palaces, to those who are huddled around radios in the forgotten corners of the world, our stories are singular, but our destiny is shared, and a new dawn of American leadership is at hand.

To those -- to those who would tear the world down: We will defeat you. To those who seek peace and security: We support you. And to all those who have wondered if America's beacon still burns as bright: Tonight we proved once more that the true strength of our nation comes not from the might of our arms or the scale of our wealth, but from the enduring power of our ideals: democracy, liberty, opportunity and unyielding hope.

That's the true genius of America: that America can change. Our union can be perfected. What we've already achieved gives us hope for what we can and must achieve tomorrow.

Retoriske virkemidler

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